Dry eyes occur when the production of tears is insufficient or when the tears evaporate too quickly. This condition leads to discomfort, which includes symptoms such as stinging, burning, redness, stringy mucus in or around the eyes, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. By understanding the top causes of dry eyes, it's easier to manage the condition and seek appropriate treatment.
Aging
As with many physical aspects, aging can significantly affect the production of tears. Research suggests that the majority of people over the age of 65 experience some symptoms of dry eyes. The natural aging process reduces the production of the components that make up the tear film, which consists of water, oils, and mucus. This reduction often results in chronic dry eyes in older adults.
Medications
Certain types of medications can contribute to dry eyes. These include antihistamines, decongestants, hormone replacement therapy, certain antidepressants, and medications for high blood pressure, acne, and Parkinson's disease. These drugs can decrease tear production, thereby leading to dry eyes. Anyone experiencing dry eyes while on these medications should consult their healthcare provider for possible alternatives or additional treatments to manage the symptoms.
Environmental Conditions
Exposure to smoke, wind, and dry climates can all increase tear evaporation, resulting in dry eye symptoms. Furthermore, failure to blink regularly, which often occurs when a person is concentrating on a computer screen or another task, can also exacerbate the condition. Using eyewear to protect against wind and dust, increasing humidity at home and work, and taking eye breaks during prolonged tasks can help reduce the risk.
Medical Conditions
People with certain medical conditions are more prone to experience dry eyes. These include diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, thyroid disorders, and vitamin A deficiency. Dry eyes can be an early indicator of these conditions, so it's crucial to share this symptom with your healthcare provider if it's persistent.
Laser Eye Surgery
While often temporary, eye dryness can be a side effect of corrective eye surgery procedures such as LASIK. The nerves of the cornea are temporarily interrupted during the procedure, which can cause decreased tear production. While this is generally short-term, some people may experience dry eyes for an extended period post-surgery.