Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a potentially deadly disease that begins as noncancerous, benign clumps of cells (polyps) that form on the inside of the colon. Over time, some of these polyps can develop into colon cancer. This disease is usually preventable through regular screenings and can be treatable if detected early. However, colon cancer symptoms are often subtle and may not make themselves known until the disease has advanced. This article outlines common colon cancer symptoms that should not be ignored.
Physical Symptoms
Understanding the physical symptoms associated with colon cancer can aid in early detection and treatment. The most common physical symptoms include changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or a change in the consistency of your stool that lasts longer than four weeks. Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool is another core symptom. Persistent abdominal discomforts, such as cramps, gas, or pain are also signs to watch out for. Sudden and unexplained weight loss can indicate the disease, as can experiencing fatigue or weakness. If you experience these symptoms, it's paramount to consult with a healthcare professional immediately.
Systemic Symptoms
While physical symptoms provide clear indications, systemic symptoms, ones that affect the entire body, should not be overlooked as they could signal an advanced stage of colon cancer. Such symptoms include unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and anemia (low red blood cell count). These symptoms often occur due to the cancer spreading to other parts of the body. While these symptoms can be associated with various other health conditions, their persistence warrants a visit to a healthcare provider.
Risk Factors and Prevention
Being aware of the risk factors associated with colon cancer is essential for prevention. Factors that increase the risk of colon cancer include old age, African-American race, a personal history of colorectal polyps or cancer, inflammatory intestinal conditions, low-fiber and high-fat diet, a sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, obesity, smoking, alcohol, radiation therapy for cancer, and certain inherited genes. Regular screenings, a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol can help reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.