Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, many people lack a clear understanding of this condition. This article aims to answer some of the most frequently asked questions about atrial fibrillation, shedding light on its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
What is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is a heart condition characterized by a rapid and irregular heartbeat. It occurs when the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat chaotically and irregularly, out of coordination with the two lower chambers (the ventricles). This results in inefficient pumping of the heart, which can lead to a variety of health complications, including stroke, blood clots, and heart failure.
What Causes Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation can be caused by various factors. It usually occurs when the heart's electrical signals become erratic due to changes in the heart's structure. These changes can be a result of several conditions such as high blood pressure, heart attack, coronary artery disease, and other heart-related problems. Lifestyle factors like excessive alcohol consumption or use of stimulants can also trigger atrial fibrillation. However, sometimes the exact cause remains unknown.
What are the Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation?
Some people with atrial fibrillation have no symptoms and are unaware of their condition until it's discovered during a physical exam. For those who do experience symptoms, the most common include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and weakness. Other less common symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, chest pain, or confusion.
How is Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosed?
Atrial fibrillation is usually diagnosed using an electrocardiogram (ECG), a test that records the electrical signals in your heart. Other tests, like a Holter monitor or an event monitor, may also be used. These portable devices record your heart's electrical activity over time while you do your normal activities.
How is Atrial Fibrillation Treated?
Treatment for atrial fibrillation can involve medications, medical procedures, and lifestyle changes. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the underlying cause, and the patient's overall health. Medications may include blood thinners to prevent clots, beta blockers to control heart rate, or drugs to restore normal heart rhythm. In some cases, procedures such as cardioversion (using electricity or drugs to reset the heart's rhythm) or ablation (destroying the abnormal heart tissue causing the arrhythmia) may be necessary.