Lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease that triggers inflammation in various parts of the body, predominantly affects women. In fact, the Lupus Foundation of America estimates that 90% of people living with lupus are women. The disease can manifest in a myriad of ways, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, often mimicking other conditions, which can make it challenging to diagnose. This article aims to shed light on five key symptoms of lupus in women that can affect the whole body.
Fatigue
One of the most common symptoms experienced by women with lupus is profound, chronic fatigue. More than just feeling tired, this fatigue can be debilitating, interfering significantly with daily activities and quality of life. This is not the kind of tiredness that can be easily alleviated by rest and sleep. The cause of lupus-related fatigue is not fully understood, but it may be associated with the body's constant battle against inflammation.
Joint and Muscle Pain
A major symptom that often hints at lupus is persistent joint and muscle pain. This pain, known as arthralgia, typically affects the small joints of the hands and feet, but it can impact any joint in the body. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, lupus-associated joint pain does not cause lasting damage to the joints. However, the pain can be significant, and flare-ups can be debilitating.
Skin Rashes
Skin rashes, particularly a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose (malar rash), are signature symptoms of lupus. Other skin manifestations include discoid rashes, which are red, scaly patches that may scar, and photosensitivity, where exposure to sunlight or artificial light can trigger skin rashes and other symptoms.
Kidney Inflammation
Lupus nephritis, the term for inflammation of the kidneys caused by lupus, can be a serious complication. Symptoms may include swelling in the legs and ankles, high blood pressure, darker urine, or increased need to urinate, especially at night. If not properly managed, lupus nephritis can lead to kidney failure.
Neurological Problems
Neurological and psychological issues can also be part of the lupus spectrum. These may include headaches, seizures, stroke, depression, and cognitive dysfunction, such as memory problems and confusion. These symptoms may be attributed to other conditions, making it crucial to consider lupus in the differential diagnosis when these symptoms persist.