Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease that accelerates the growth cycle of skin cells, resulting in patches of thick, red skin and silvery scales. These patches can be painful and itchy, causing discomfort and embarrassment for those affected. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for psoriasis, but there are several treatment options available that can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for those with the condition.
Topical Treatments
Topical treatments are often the first line of defense in managing psoriasis. These treatments are applied directly to the skin and typically include corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, retinoids, and coal tar. They work by reducing inflammation and slowing down the rapid growth of skin cells. Topical treatments can be effective for mild to moderate psoriasis but may lose their effectiveness over time or cause side effects such as skin irritation and thinning.
Light Therapy
Light therapy, also known as phototherapy, is another commonly used treatment for psoriasis. This treatment involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision. The light can slow the growth of skin cells and reduce inflammation. There are two types of light therapy: UVB therapy and PUVA (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) therapy. Both methods require multiple sessions to be effective and have potential side effects, including skin damage and an increased risk of skin cancer.
Oral Medications
For moderate to severe psoriasis, or when topical treatments and light therapy are not effective, oral medications may be prescribed. These drugs, such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin, work systemically to slow the growth of skin cells, suppress the immune system, or alter the skin's natural development. However, these medications can have serious side effects and are usually used for short periods.
Biologics
Biologics are a newer class of drugs used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis. These drugs target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation and slow the growth of skin cells. Biologics are administered through injection or intravenous infusion and can be highly effective. However, they can also have serious side effects and are often used when other treatments have failed.
Lifestyle Changes
In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle changes can also help manage psoriasis symptoms. This can include maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and using moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated. Regular exposure to sunlight can also help, but it's important to do so safely to avoid skin damage.